Buddha - Short Biography, Life, Ministry and Best Words

Buddha was an Indian spiritual teacher and the historical founder of Buddhism. He is regarded variously as a human philosopher,  or an omniscient, active deity.
Thus for Theravāda Buddhism, a Buddha is simply a human being who has undergone a profound spiritual transformation. In Mahāyāna thought, by contrast, the Buddha is seen as a cosmic being who from time to time manifests himself in human form. The name Buddha  (Enlightened One or Awakened One)  comes from the Sanskrit root ‘budh’, meaning to awaken. Buddha is an epithet of those who have achieved enlightenment (bodhi), the main goal of the Buddhist religious life. After Buddha gained enlightenment (bodhi), he stated that he had achieved complete  Awakening, realized the nature of human suffering and discovered a way to eliminate it. His first sermon was "The setting into motion of the wheel of the dharma," which contained the basic Buddhist doctrines of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
The Four Noble Truths:
1. Suffering is an inherent part of existence.
2. The origin of suffering is the craving for sensual pleasure.
3. The attachment and craving can be ceased by  “fading, cessation, renunciation, relinquishment, release, letting go of that very craving”.
4. following the Noble Eightfold Path will lead to the cessation of attachment and craving and therefore suffering.
The Noble Eightfold Path:
right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
Buddha said that by torture of the body, Nirvana or salvation cannot be attained. Siddhartha has discovered the Middle Way—a path of moderation away from the extremes of satisfaction of sensual desires and self-mortification.
There are two main schools of Buddhism: Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada, which means 'the teaching of the Elders' is more conservative and intellectual teaching. This doctrine says that insight must come from the aspirant's experience and reasoning instead of blind faith. The achieving of complete Awakening is not believed to have been revealed divinely but by the understanding of the true nature of the mind.
The main concepts of the Theravada teachings are:
Anicca - That all things are impermanent. Dukkha: All beings suffer from all situations due to an unclear mind. Anatta: That the perception of a constant "self" is an illusion. Kamma (Karma)( volitional action):  The law of the cause and effect of actions, according to which virtuous actions create pleasure in the future and nonvirtuous actions create pain. 
Nirvana: It is the state of supreme liberation, the perfect state of mind that is free from craving, anger and other afflicting states. The ultimate goal of Buddhist practice is to achieve Nirvana, to release from samsara and to escape from that suffering
Samsara: Wheel of Life, the cycle of rebirth is regarded as a domain of suffering.
The goal in Theravada Buddhism is to become an Arhat, a person who is free of suffering. Buddha taught non-attachment and said that a wise man, looks upon everything in an objective unattached manner. 
According to Theravada, man is responsible for his salvation and does not depend on the will of higher powers (gods). 
At the heart of the Mahayana (''Big Chariot'') is compassion for the nearest and the desire for self-improvement. Mahayana is more ethical, social and mystical teaching. Here Buddha is the supreme principle of the unity of all things, he was and is always and everywhere, inside of each of the myriad creatures. Mahayana stresses following the Buddha's example of going out into the world and doing good. A person who has set out on the long journey to discover the path to freedom from suffering, and then to teach it to others, is called a bodhisattva. A person who has discovered that path, followed it to its end, and taught it to the world, is called a Buddha.
The ethical principles of Mahayana gravitate around concepts of compassion (karuna), love (Maitri), and noninjury (ahimsa) to living creatures, and they stress the obligation to promote friendship and concord.
The Buddha’s teaching is basically humanistic and optimistic. It holds that every human being, regardless of his social position or past life, can through his own efforts obtain control of himself, of his ideas and passions, and of his destiny.
Bliss of Complete Awakened state-Nirvana, according to Buddhism, is available to all beings.
From the standpoint of the Buddhist doctrine, Buddha is anyone who rediscovers the Dharma and has attained enlightenment through the accumulation of a sufficient number of positive karma, through the right thoughts, words and deeds.